Chemistry Notes
Free chapter notes for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701. Read any chapter online, then practise with the member Workbook and revise with Chapter at a Glance.
Particles in the atom and atomic radius
Covers: Particles in the atom and atomic radius, Isotopes, Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals, Ionisation energy
Relative masses of atoms and molecules
Covers: Relative masses of atoms and molecules, The mole and the Avogadro constant, Formulas, Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)
Electronegativity and bonding
Covers: Electronegativity and bonding, Ionic bonding, Metallic bonding, Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding, Shapes of molecules, Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties, Dot-and-cross diagrams
The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT
Covers: The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and pV = nRT, Bonding and structure
Enthalpy change, ΔH
Covers: Enthalpy change, ΔH, Hess’s law
Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
Covers: Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
Covers: Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium, Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases
Rate of reaction
Covers: Rate of reaction, Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy, Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts
Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3
Covers: Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3, Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3, Chemical periodicity of other elements
Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds (10)
Covers: Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
Physical properties of the Group 17 elements
Covers: Physical properties of the Group 17 elements, The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides, Some reactions of the halide ions, The reactions of chlorine
Nitrogen and sulfur
Covers: Nitrogen and sulfur
Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds (13)
Covers: Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds, Characteristic organic reactions, Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds, Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Alkanes
Covers: Alkanes, Alkenes
Halogenoalkanes
Covers: Halogenoalkanes
Alcohols (16)
Covers: Alcohols
Aldehydes and ketones
Covers: Aldehydes and ketones
Carboxylic acids (18)
Covers: Carboxylic acids, Esters
Primary amines
Covers: Primary amines, Nitriles and hydroxynitriles
Addition polymerisation
Covers: Addition polymerisation
Organic synthesis (21)
Covers: Organic synthesis
Infrared spectroscopy
Covers: Infrared spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry
Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles
Covers: Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles, Enthalpies of solution and hydration, Entropy change, ΔS, Gibbs free energy change, ΔG
Electrolysis
Covers: Electrolysis, Standard electrode potentials E⦵, standard cell potentials E⦵cell and the Nernst equation
Acids and bases
Covers: Acids and bases, Partition coefficients
Simple rate equations, orders of reaction and rate constants
Covers: Simple rate equations, orders of reaction and rate constants, Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts
Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds (27)
Covers: Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
General physical and chemical properties of the first row of transition elements, titanium to copper
Covers: General physical and chemical properties of the first row of transition elements, titanium to copper, General characteristic chemical properties of the first set of transition elements, titanium to copper, Colour of complexes, Stereoisomerism in transition element complexes, Stability constants, Kstab
Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds (29)
Covers: Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds, Characteristic organic reactions, Shapes of aromatic organic molecules; σ and π bonds, Isomerism: optical
Arenes
Covers: Arenes
Halogen compounds
Covers: Halogen compounds
Alcohols (32)
Covers: Alcohols, Phenol
Carboxylic acids (33)
Covers: Carboxylic acids, Esters, Acyl chlorides
Primary and secondary amines
Covers: Primary and secondary amines, Phenylamine and azo compounds, Amides, Amino acids
Condensation polymerisation
Covers: Condensation polymerisation, Predicting the type of polymerisation, Degradable polymers
Organic synthesis (36)
Covers: Organic synthesis
Thin-layer chromatography
Covers: Thin-layer chromatography, Gas / liquid chromatography, Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, Proton (1H) NMR spectroscopy